Abstract: Background: This study was conducted to assess the Ocular Manifestations of
Stevens Johnson Syndrome.
Materials & Methods: This study comprised of 25 subjects who had Stevens Johnson
Syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess the ocular findings in these subjects. The
subjects had been explained about the procedure and were asked for consent. All the subjects
gave consent and were included in this study. The demographic details, the incidence of ocular
findings and the type of ocular manifestation had been investigated and the results were
tabulated. Statistical analysis had been performed using SPSS software.
Results: In this study, out of 25 subjects with Stevens Johnson Syndrome, 18 subjects showed
ocular manifestations.Among the 18 subjects with ocular manifestations, 5 were males and 13
were females.The most common ocular finding in subjects with Stevens Johnson Syndrome was
trichiasis accounting for 6 cases. Other findings were subconjunctival hemorrhage, accounting
for 1 case; punctate epithelial erosions, accounting for 2 instances; corneal ulceration
accounting for 4 cases and symblepharon, accounting for 5 cases.
Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that out of 25 cases with lichen
planus, 18 subjects showed ocular manifestations, of which the most common finding was
trichiasis. Other findings included subconjunctival hemorrhage, punctate epithelial erosions,
corneal ulceration and symblepharon.
s 

Abstract: Background:Diabetes is a common and immensely growing problem among the Indian population, especially among the youth of India. Objective: This study is conducted to observe the risk factors associated with diabetes type 2 and pre-diabetes among Indian youth. Methodology:It is a review-based study that was conducted among the Indian youth population. Targeted articles were selected through the snowball sampling method while data collection was done through web search through Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus.Collected articles were arranged in a tabular form.Results:Results of this study revealed that IDRS is an effective and cost-efficient accurate Indian-based diabetes score and risk factors of diabetes type 2 are a sedentary lifestyle, no physical activity, dietary habits, and genetic makeup of the Indian population which makes them more prone to diabetes and pre-diabetes.Conclusion:This study indicates the need for preventive measures and preventive programs for Indian youth to prevent them from developing diabetes type 2.

Abstract: Background: Thyroid disorders are most common around the world, especially in developing countries like India. India has the highest ratio of thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and Anti-TPO antibodies and the role of TPO in diagnosing thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis. Methodology: It was a review-based study where n=30 articles were selected for review after a careful selection method. The targeted population was articles related to thyroid disorders among the Indian population. Articles were selected from 2005-2022 through Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. The sampling strategy was the snowball sampling method. Results: Results suggest that hypothyroidism and Hashimoto Thyroiditis are the most common thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis disorders. Anti-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies play a vital role as a diagnostic marker for autoimmune thyroiditis.Conclusion: Anti-TPO antibodies are crucial for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis while there is a need to investigate and develop more diagnostic markers for early detection

Abstract: Background: Thyroid disorders are most common around the world, especially in developing countries like India. India has the highest ratio of thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and anti-TPO antibodies and the role of TPO in diagnosing thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis. Methodology: It was a review-based study where n=30 articles were selected for review after a careful selection method. The targeted populationwas articles related to thyroid disorders amongthe Indian population. Articles were selected from 2005-2022 through Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. The sampling strategy was the snowball sampling method. Results: Results suggest that hypothyroidism and Hashimoto Thyroiditis are the most common thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis disorders. Anti-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies play a vital role as a diagnostic marker for autoimmune thyroiditis. Conclusion: anti-TPO antibodies are crucial for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis while there is a need to investigate and develop more diagnostic markers for early detection.

Abstract: Background: Diabetes is a common and immensely growingproblem among the Indian population, especially among the youth of India. Objective: This study is conducted to observe the risk factors associated with diabetes type 2 and pre-diabetes among Indian youth. Methodology: It is a review-based study that was conducted among the Indian youth population. Targeted articles were selected through the snowball sampling method while datacollectionwasdonethroughwebsearchthroughGoogleScholar,PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. Collected articles were arranged in a tabular form. Results: Results of this study revealed that IDRS is an effective and cost- efficient accurate Indian-based diabetes score and risk factors of diabetes type 2 are a sedentary lifestyle, no physical activity, dietary habits, and genetic makeup of the Indian population which makes them more prone to diabetes and pre-diabetes. Conclusion: This study indicates the need for preventive measures and preventive programs for Indian youth to prevent them from developing diabetes type 2.

Abstract: Aim: This study aimed to prospectively analyze the relationship between screen time and sleep patterns among school-age children, examining the impact of screen exposure on total sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness.

Materials & Methods: A total of 110 children aged 6 to 12 years were recruited for this 12-week prospective study. Data collection included structured questionnaires, validated screen time logs, the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and wrist-worn actigraphy devices (n=50). Weekly screen time logs and daily sleep diaries recorded screen exposure and sleep parameters. Multiple regression analysis assessed the impact of screen time, age, gender, and socioeconomic status on sleep outcomes.

Results: Screen time was significantly higher on weekends (4.2 ± 1.5 hours) compared to weekdays (2.5 ± 1.1 hours) (p< 0.001). Subjective data from CSHQ revealed significant bedtime resistance (p = 0.018), sleep onset delay (p = 0.022), and reduced sleep duration (p = 0.005). Actigraphy results showed decreased total sleep duration (7.9 ± 0.8 hours, p< 0.001), prolonged sleep latency (25.3 ± 7.5 minutes, p = 0.011), and lower sleep efficiency (85.4 ± 5.2%, p = 0.037). Regression analysis confirmed that screen time significantly predicted shorter sleep duration (β = -0.42, p< 0.001), increased latency (β = 0.34, p< 0.001), reduced efficiency (β = -0.28, p< 0.001), and greater daytime sleepiness (β = 0.30, p< 0.001). Age was also a significant predictor, while gender and socioeconomic status showed minimal associations.

Conclusion: Excessive screen time is significantly associated with poorer sleep outcomes in school-age children, including shorter sleep duration, prolonged latency, reduced efficiency, and increased daytime sleepiness. Age emerged as an additional contributing factor, while gender and socioeconomic status had limited effects. Interventions targeting reduced screen exposure, particularly before bedtime, are essential to promote healthier sleep patterns in children.