Peri-implant diseases, including peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis, present substantial challenges in the field of dental implantology. Biomarkers found in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) have shown promise as tools for early detection, prognosis, and monitoring of these conditions.  While advancements have been made, further large-scale, longitudinal researches needed to validate these biomarkers and enable their routine application in clinical practice.

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate and compare plasma homocysteine (Hcy) levels in patients with chronic periodontitis before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), and to assess the potential impact of periodontal treatment on systemic Hcy concentrations.

Material and methods: This study involved 100 participants divided equally into two groups: 50 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (test group) and 50 periodontally healthy individuals (control group). Inclusion criteria for the control group included probing depths ≤3 mm without attachment loss, while chronic periodontitis patients were aged 20–60 years, had at least 20 teeth, moderate-to-severe periodontitis (as per 1999 AAP guidelines), and at least four sites with ≥3 mm attachment loss. Data analysis was carried out using SPSSsoftware. Intergroup comparisons were done using the Mann–Whitney U-test, intragroup changes by Wilcoxon matched pairs test, and correlations through Spearman’s rank correlation method P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant for all analyses.

Results: In the test group, 30% were males (15 participants) and 70% were females (35 participants), whereas in the control group, 40% were males (20 participants) and 60% were females (30 participants). Overall, the study included 35 males and 65 females, totaling 100 participants.

Conclusion: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy lowers plasma homocysteine levels in chronic periodontitis patients, though not to healthy levels, indicating its potential as an adjunctive approach to reduce cardiovascular risk through improved oral health.

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, compromising the effectiveness of treatments for bacterial infections. This review explores the current trends in bacterial infections and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including the role of plasmids and horizontal gene transfer. The review also highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative therapies, such as bacteriophage therapy and antimicrobial peptides, which show promise in combating resistant pathogens. Furthermore, global initiatives and collaborative efforts to combat AMR, including the WHO's Global Action Plan, are discussed. The future of AMR requires continued research, innovation, and international cooperation to mitigate the growing burden of resistant infections. Addressing AMR demands a multifaceted approach, involving policy changes, improved stewardship practices, and enhanced infection control measures worldwide.

Abstract: COVID-19 has been associated with neuropsychiatric complications, including psychosis. This study presents two cases of new-onset psychosis following COVID-19 vaccination.

The first case is an 18-year-old male who developed irrelevant talk, agitation, and poor self-care within two days of vaccination. The second case involves a 38-year-old bank clerk who experienced hallucinations and paranoia after his second vaccine dose. Both patients had no prior psychiatric history, and routine investigations were unremarkable. Symptoms improved with antipsychotic treatment over a few weeks.

Although psychosis following vaccination is rare, it has been reported with yellow fever, rabies, and pertussis vaccines, possibly due to cytokine-mediated neuroinflammation. While this report does not question vaccine safety, it highlights the need for early identification and monitoring of individuals at risk. Further research is required to understand the mechanisms of vaccine-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms and ensure appropriate management strategies.

Abstract: The pregnant women experience physiological changes to support fetal growth and development. During pregnancy sex steroids have effects on metabolic, synthetic, and excretory hepatic functions. Liver disease that occurs during pregnancy can present a challenge for health care providers.  Identification of physiological changes is important to differentiate physiological changes in liver during pregnancy from pathological causes of liver. The aim of study is to evaluate the change in serum level of routine LFTs (ALP, AST, ALT) during different trimester of normal pregnancy compared with a control group of non- pregnant women.

Methods: A total of 100 women were screened. Among 75 healthy pregnant women, 25 from each trimester and 25 non-pregnant women formed controls. Samples were collected from department of obstetrics and gynaecology attending for ANC at RIMS Ranchi. Serum sample was taken and assessed for routine liver function tests.

Results: Mean ALT level in patients of our socioeconomic environment is 26.48±6.729 IU/L for non-pregnant, and for pregnant women of 1st 2nd, and 3rd, trimester were 19.08±8.514, 40.48±10.922 and 31.30±13.86 IU/L respectively.

Mean AST level in patients of our socioeconomic is 29.36±4.493 IU/L for non-pregnant and for pregnant women of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, trimester was 31.80±6.624, 41.96±10.50 and 50.12±15.914 IU/L respectively.

Mean ALP level in pt of our socioeconomics is 86.10±14.440 IU/L for non-pregnant and for pregnant women of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, trimester are69.12±10.530, 76.92±23.48, and 196.12±49.938 Among these enzymes, serum ALP level raises more and especially during third trimester. Establishing upper normal level will be of much help for obstetrician in management of pregnancy related problem and differentiating physiological changes from pathological conditions such as hyperemesis gravidarum, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, acute fatty liver of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome etc.