Background: Oxidative stress is a well-established contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Biomarkers such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) provide insight into vascular oxidative burden. However, the influence of age on these markers across varying severities of CAD remains inadequately characterized.
Objective: To evaluate the levels of serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) across different age groups and their association with coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, as stratified by CAD-RADS classification.

 Methods: This cross-sectional study included 190  CAD patients aged >40 years, who were admitted to Teerthanker Mahaveer Hospital and underwent angiography. Patients were categorized into four age groups (41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and 71–80 years) and three CAD severity groups (mild, moderate, severe). Serum Ox-LDL and MDA levels were quantified using ELISA. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.

 Results: MDA levels showed a significant and progressive increase with advancing age (p < 0.001), while Ox-LDL levels exhibited a non-significant upward trend (p = 0.23). Both biomarkers were significantly elevated in patients with severe CAD compared to mild and moderate groups (p < 0.001). Post hoc analysis confirmed the most pronounced differences in biomarker levels between mild and severe CAD groups.

Conclusion: MDA exhibits a strong age-related rise in CAD patients, reflecting increased oxidative stress with advancing age in CAD patients. While Ox-LDL correlates more closely with disease severity than age, both markers together may serve as valuable tools for assessing oxidative burden and stratifying cardiovascular risk in elderly CAD populations.

Background:  Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, often accompanied by oxidative stress and lipid profile disturbances. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, contributes to vascular dysfunction. Similarly, lipid abnormalities, such as elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglycerides, further exacerbate endothelial damage. This study aims to compare oxidative stress markers and lipid profile variations across different stages of Hypertension.

Objective:  To evaluate and compare oxidative stress biomarkers and lipid profiles with hypertension severity. 

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 330 hypertensive patients who were divided into 3 groups based on reference blood pressure values as per the American Heart Association guidelines: Stage 1, Stage 2, and Hypertensive Crisis. Blood samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), as well as lipid profile components: total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglycerides. Clinical data were also recorded.

Results:   The study revealed a significant, stage-wise increase in MDA and Ox-LDL levels (p < 0.01). In parallel, worsening lipid profile parameters were observed with increasing hypertension severity, including elevated total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides, and reduced HDL-C levels (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Progressive hypertension is associated with increased oxidative stress and deteriorating lipid profiles. These biochemical changes may serve as early indicators of cardiovascular risk and support the role of antioxidant and lipid-lowering therapies in hypertensive management.

Background: Hyperthyroidism is known to enhance oxidative metabolism, leading to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disturbances. Antioxidant markers like superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc, and components of the lipid profile can serve as indicators of this imbalance.
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant status (SOD and zinc) and lipid profile in hyperthyroid patients and compare them with euthyroid.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included hyperthyroid (n=76), and euthyroid (n=48) subjects. Serum SOD, zinc, and lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using student t-test.
Results: Hyperthyroid patients showed significantly decreased SOD (90.41 ± 14.88 U/mL, p = 0.03) and zinc levels (98.39 ± 26.72 µg/dL, p = 0.03) compared to euthyroid controls. Lipid profile revealed decreased total cholesterol (157.46 ± 13.08 mg/dL), triglycerides (79.17 ± 13.14 mg/dL), LDL (99.12 ± 14.70 mg/dL), and VLDL (15.43 ± 2.82 mg/dL), but increased HDL (42.67 ± 8.72 mg/dL).

Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism is associated with a reduction in antioxidant defense and significant changes in lipid metabolism. Monitoring and potentially correcting these abnormalities may benefit overall metabolic health in hyperthyroid patients.

Background: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has emerged as a genetically determined, independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), particularly in South Asians who often develop premature coronary artery disease (CAD). Despite growing evidence, Lp(a) remains underutilized in clinical risk stratification.

Objective: To assess the association between elevated serum Lp(a) levels and cardiovascular (CV) events and evaluate its diagnostic performance as a predictive marker.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 50 adults aged 40–70 years attending a tertiary care hospital. Clinical history, risk factors, and Lp(a) levels were recorded. Patients were categorized based on history of CV events. Lp(a) was measured using immunoturbidimetric assay. Associations were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests, while ROC curve analysis assessed predictive value.

Results: Patients with CV events (n=17) had significantly higher mean Lp(a) levels than those without (41.3 ± 13.6 mg/dL vs. 24.5 ± 9.4 mg/dL; p< 0.001). Among patients with elevated Lp(a) (≥30 mg/dL), 60% had CV events, compared to 16.7% with normal Lp(a) (<30 mg/dL) (p = 0.004). The odds ratio for CV events in patients with elevated Lp(a) was 7.5 (95% CI: 1.96–28.5). ROC analysis showed good discriminative ability with an AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73–0.95; p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Elevated Lp(a) levels are strongly associated with cardiovascular events and demonstrate good predictive accuracy. These findings reinforce the clinical relevance of Lp(a) as an independent risk factor and support its inclusion in routine cardiovascular risk assessment.