Abstract: Background: Cleft lip and palate are among the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies, occurring when facial structures fail to fuse properly during early foetal development. These conditions can affect feeding, speech, hearing, and dental development, often requiring multidisciplinary care including surgery, speech therapy, and orthodontics. Early intervention typically begins within the first year of life, with long-term follow-up into adolescence and adulthood to address functional and aesthetic outcomes. Advances in surgical techniques and coordinated care have significantly improved quality of life for affected individuals. Here is such a case which highlights a young female adult with a history of childhood cleft repair, now presenting mild residual asymmetry and palatal irregularities..

Abstract: Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health concern globally, is driven by microbial plaque and inflammatory responses. While traditional treatments such as mechanical debridement and chemical mouth washes like chlorhexidine are common, they often present limitations, including side effects and incomplete efficacy. Growing interest in herbal alternatives has highlighted garlic (Allium sativum) and its bioactive component allicin for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Allicin exerts its effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing harmful oral pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Unlike conventional agents, allicin enhances gingival health without promoting resistance or adverse effects. Studies show aqueous garlic extracts are effective against key periodontal pathogens, with potential applications as mouthwashes, irrigants, or drug delivery agents. Given its broad therapeutic profile, allicin represents a promising natural alternative in periodontal therapy, emphasizing the role of phytotherapy in modern oral health.

Abstract: Kidney diseases are complex with several different etiologies and underlying associated pathophysiology. Globally there  are various screening methods for detection of various kidney diseases and intervention. Various screening methods are renal tissue biopsy, urine tests and serum specific protein assays. By using  spectrum of biomarkers, one can evaluate renal health and precise classification and analysis of various biomarkers helps in determining the site and extent of kidney injury.  So there is need to generate multidimensional data sets from genomics, blood, urine and kidney tissue samples for kidney patients, that will help in great research progress in understanding the pathogenesis of tubular damage,  novel biomarkers and treatments in kidney patients. This review aims to gather information on the use of novel kidney biomarkers (Kim-1, NGAL, microRNA, IL-17, IL-22, IL-18, uromodulin, NAG, NAGL, TIMP-2 ) in various kidney diseases. We have highlighted usefulness of these biomarkers in predicting tubular and/or glomerular injury in kidney diseases patients and showed their clinical applicability, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness in clinical practice.

Abstract: Background: Formalin, a 37–40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, is the most widely used preservative for cadavers in medical colleges because of its excellent tissue-fixation and antimicrobial properties. However, exposure to its vapors during anatomy dissection can lead to several acute and chronic health effects, particularly among first-year medical students who spend prolonged periods in dissection halls. Formaldehyde is a known irritant and carcinogen that primarily affects the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. Therefore, assessing its health impact in educational settings is crucial for ensuring occupational safety and optimizing learning environments.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of formalin exposure on medical students attending anatomy dissection sessions at a tertiary care medical college and to analyze the association between protective practices, exposure parameters, and the occurrence of symptoms.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 first-year medical students regularly attending anatomy dissection classes. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire covering demographic details, exposure characteristics, and self-reported symptoms. Objective measurements such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were recorded before and after dissection sessions. Students with pre-existing respiratory or allergic disorders were excluded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0, applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and paired t-tests, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The most common symptoms reported were eye irritation (73.33%), throat irritation (66.67%), and headache (62.22%). Students not using masks had a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms (73.33%) compared to mask users (46.67%, p = 0.028). Physiological assessment showed a significant increase in pulse rate (p = 0.001) and respiratory rate (p = 0.002) after dissection, while PEFR decreased significantly (p = 0.004). Poor ventilation and closer proximity to cadavers were associated with higher symptom prevalence.

Conclusion: Formalin exposure during anatomy dissection produces measurable physiological changes and high symptom prevalence among students. The use of masks and improved ventilation significantly reduce exposure-related effects. Adoption of preventive measures, awareness programs, and safer alternatives are essential to safeguard the health of medical students.

Keywords: Formalin exposure, medical students, anatomy dissection, respiratory symptoms, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR)

Abstract: Background: Formalin, a 37–40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde, is the most widely used preservative for cadavers in medical colleges because of its excellent tissue-fixation and antimicrobial properties. However, exposure to its vapors during anatomy dissection can lead to several acute and chronic health effects, particularly among first-year medical students who spend prolonged periods in dissection halls. Formaldehyde is a known irritant and carcinogen that primarily affects the eyes, respiratory tract, and skin. Therefore, assessing its health impact in educational settings is crucial for ensuring occupational safety and optimizing learning environments.

Aim: The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of formalin exposure on medical students attending anatomy dissection sessions at a tertiary care medical college and to analyze the association between protective practices, exposure parameters, and the occurrence of symptoms.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 90 first-year medical students regularly attending anatomy dissection classes. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire covering demographic details, exposure characteristics, and self-reported symptoms. Objective measurements such as pulse rate, respiratory rate, and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) were recorded before and after dissection sessions. Students with pre-existing respiratory or allergic disorders were excluded. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 26.0, applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and paired t-tests, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results: The most common symptoms reported were eye irritation (73.33%), throat irritation (66.67%), and headache (62.22%). Students not using masks had a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms (73.33%) compared to mask users (46.67%, p = 0.028). Physiological assessment showed a significant increase in pulse rate (p = 0.001) and respiratory rate (p = 0.002) after dissection, while PEFR decreased significantly (p = 0.004). Poor ventilation and closer proximity to cadavers were associated with higher symptom prevalence.

Conclusion: Formalin exposure during anatomy dissection produces measurable physiological changes and high symptom prevalence among students. The use of masks and improved ventilation significantly reduce exposure-related effects. Adoption of preventive measures, awareness programs, and safer alternatives are essential to safeguard the health of medical students.

Abstract: During pregnancy, maintaining oral and dental health requires heightened attention, as this period is marked by physiological changes that increase susceptibility to various oral conditions. Oral health is an integral component of overall well-being, and in pregnant women, it carries dual significance since it directly affects not only the mother but also the developing fetus. Poor oral health during pregnancy has been linked to complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and pre-eclampsia, in addition to maternal problems like gingivitis, periodontal disease, and dental caries.By addressing maternal oral health needs effectively, healthcare providers can help safeguard both maternal comfort and fetal outcomes, reinforcing the importance of integrating dental care into routine prenatal care.

Abstract: Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease of infectious origins that often evolves into a chronic condition. Aside from its importance as a stomatologic ailment, chronic periodontitis has gained relevance since it has been shown that it can develop into a systemic condition characterized by unresolved hyper-inflammation, disruption of the innate and adaptive immune system, dysbiosis of the oral, gut and other location's microbiota and other system-wide alterations that may cause, coexist or aggravate other health issues associated to elevated morbi-mortality. The relationships between the infectious, immune, inflammatory, and systemic features of periodontitis and its many related diseases are far from being fully understood and are indeed still debated. However, to date, a large body of evidence on the different biological, clinical, and policy-enabling sources of information, is available. The aim of the present work is to summarize many of these sources of information and contextualize them under a systemic inflammation framework that may set the basis to an integral vision, useful for basic, clinical, and therapeutic goals.

It is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, has gained recognition beyond its oral health implications. An increasing body of research indicates a significant association between periodontitis and several systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, respiratory conditions, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and rheumatoid arthritis. This review summarizes current evidence on the links between periodontitis and systemic health, emphasizing potential biological mechanisms, clinical implications, and directions for future research.