Background: Hyperthyroidism is known to enhance oxidative metabolism, leading to oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disturbances. Antioxidant markers like superoxide dismutase (SOD), zinc, and components of the lipid profile can serve as indicators of this imbalance.
Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant status (SOD and zinc) and lipid profile in hyperthyroid patients and compare them with euthyroid.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included hyperthyroid (n=76), and euthyroid (n=48) subjects. Serum SOD, zinc, and lipid parameters (TC, TG, HDL, LDL, VLDL) were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using student t-test.
Results: Hyperthyroid patients showed significantly decreased SOD (90.41 ± 14.88 U/mL, p = 0.03) and zinc levels (98.39 ± 26.72 µg/dL, p = 0.03) compared to euthyroid controls. Lipid profile revealed decreased total cholesterol (157.46 ± 13.08 mg/dL), triglycerides (79.17 ± 13.14 mg/dL), LDL (99.12 ± 14.70 mg/dL), and VLDL (15.43 ± 2.82 mg/dL), but increased HDL (42.67 ± 8.72 mg/dL).

Conclusion: Hyperthyroidism is associated with a reduction in antioxidant defense and significant changes in lipid metabolism. Monitoring and potentially correcting these abnormalities may benefit overall metabolic health in hyperthyroid patients.