Abstract: Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health concern globally, is driven by microbial plaque and inflammatory responses. While traditional treatments such as mechanical debridement and chemical mouth washes like chlorhexidine are common, they often present limitations, including side effects and incomplete efficacy. Growing interest in herbal alternatives has highlighted garlic (Allium sativum) and its bioactive component allicin for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Allicin exerts its effect by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing harmful oral pathogens like Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Unlike conventional agents, allicin enhances gingival health without promoting resistance or adverse effects. Studies show aqueous garlic extracts are effective against key periodontal pathogens, with potential applications as mouthwashes, irrigants, or drug delivery agents. Given its broad therapeutic profile, allicin represents a promising natural alternative in periodontal therapy, emphasizing the role of phytotherapy in modern oral health.