Chronic musculoskeletal pain affects nearly 30% of seniors, primarily due to degenerative changes in the spine and joints. Conventional treatments often focus on symptom management and can carry significant risks, particularly for elderly patients. Recent advancements in stem cell therapy (SCT) offer new hope for treating pain associated with degenerative conditions, such as disc degeneration and knee osteoarthritis. Animal studies have shown promising results with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhancing extracellular matrix production in intervertebral discs and improving cartilage health in knee models. Preliminary human studies have demonstrated mixed results, highlighting the need for controlled trials to establish efficacy. Despite these challenges, SCT may reduce the necessity for invasive surgeries and provide an alternative approach to pain management in the aging population. Further research is essential to optimize SCT techniques, confirm clinical benefits, and address safety and regulatory issues.