ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health threat, compromising the effectiveness of treatments for bacterial infections. This review explores the current trends in bacterial infections and the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including the role of plasmids and horizontal gene transfer. The review also highlights the urgent need for new antibiotics and alternative therapies, such as bacteriophage therapy and antimicrobial peptides, which show promise in combating resistant pathogens. Furthermore, global initiatives and collaborative efforts to combat AMR, including the WHO's Global Action Plan, are discussed. The future of AMR requires continued research, innovation, and international cooperation to mitigate the growing burden of resistant infections. Addressing AMR demands a multifaceted approach, involving policy changes, improved stewardship practices, and enhanced infection control measures worldwide.