Abstract: Background: Thyroid disorders are most common around the world, especially in developing countries like India. India has the highest ratio of thyroid disorders due to iodine deficiency. Objective: This study was conducted to observe the relationship between autoimmune thyroid disorders and Anti-TPO antibodies and the role of TPO in diagnosing thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis. Methodology: It was a review-based study where n=30 articles were selected for review after a careful selection method. The targeted population was articles related to thyroid disorders among the Indian population. Articles were selected from 2005-2022 through Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus. The sampling strategy was the snowball sampling method. Results: Results suggest that hypothyroidism and Hashimoto Thyroiditis are the most common thyroid and autoimmune thyroiditis disorders. Anti-Thyroid peroxidase antibodies play a vital role as a diagnostic marker for autoimmune thyroiditis.Conclusion: Anti-TPO antibodies are crucial for diagnosing autoimmune thyroiditis while there is a need to investigate and develop more diagnostic markers for early detection