Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and the histopathological characteristics of nasal polyps (NP), focusing on differences in clinical, histopathological, and immunological features between AR and non-AR patients.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 140 patients diagnosed with nasal polyps, 98 of whom had AR. Participants were evaluated using clinical history, nasal endoscopy, and skin prick tests or serum-specific IgE for AR diagnosis. Nasal polyp tissues were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and classified into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic types. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple regression analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The study revealed that 75.51% of AR patients had eosinophilic nasal polyps compared to 40.48% in non-AR patients (p < 0.001). Subepithelial edema (84.69% vs. 50.00%, p < 0.001), basement membrane thickening (89.80% vs. 54.76%, p < 0.001), glandular hyperplasia (60.20% vs. 30.95%, p = 0.003), and inflammatory cell infiltration (94.90% vs. 64.29%, p < 0.001) were significantly more common in AR patients. Clinical symptoms such as sneezing (89.80% vs. 40.48%, p < 0.001) and rhinorrhea (84.69% vs. 50.00%, p < 0.001) were also more frequent in AR patients. Multiple regression analysis identified AR as a significant predictor of eosinophilic inflammation (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study confirms a strong association between AR and eosinophilic nasal polyps, with AR significantly influencing the histopathological and immunological features of nasal polyps. AR patients exhibited more severe inflammation and clinical symptoms, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic strategies addressing the underlying mechanisms in AR-associated nasal polyps.

Abstract: Aim: The study aimed to explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and the histopathological characteristics of nasal polyps (NP), focusing on differences in clinical, histopathological, and immunological features between AR and non-AR patients.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study included 140 patients diagnosed with nasal polyps, 98 of whom had AR. Participants were evaluated using clinical history, nasal endoscopy, and skin prick tests or serum-specific IgE for AR diagnosis. Nasal polyp tissues were collected during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, and classified into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic types. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multiple regression analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05.

Results: The study revealed that 75.51% of AR patients had eosinophilic nasal polyps compared to 40.48% in non-AR patients (p < 0.001). Subepithelial edema (84.69% vs. 50.00%, p < 0.001), basement membrane thickening (89.80% vs. 54.76%, p < 0.001), glandular hyperplasia (60.20% vs. 30.95%, p = 0.003), and inflammatory cell infiltration (94.90% vs. 64.29%, p < 0.001) were significantly more common in AR patients. Clinical symptoms such as sneezing (89.80% vs. 40.48%, p < 0.001) and rhinorrhea (84.69% vs. 50.00%, p < 0.001) were also more frequent in AR patients. Multiple regression analysis identified AR as a significant predictor of eosinophilic inflammation (OR = 3.49, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study confirms a strong association between AR and eosinophilic nasal polyps, with AR significantly influencing the histopathological and immunological features of nasal polyps. AR patients exhibited more severe inflammation and clinical symptoms, emphasizing the need for targeted therapeutic strategies addressing the underlying mechanisms in AR-associated nasal polyps.